Mechanical supercharging: Direct crankshaft drive, smooth power response but 15% power loss; intake pressure drops by 8% at high altitudes (2000 meters), causing "breathing difficulties".
Turbocharging: Impeller speeds of 100,000-150,000 RPM, power increase of 20%-30%; lag below 1500 RPM, VGT variable geometry turbochargers reduce lag to within 0.8 seconds.
Wave supercharging: Utilizes exhaust gas pressure waves to compress air; stable but bulky (like a washing machine), only suitable for laboratory use.
Compound supercharging: Switches between low-speed mechanical and high-speed turbocharging, but the electromagnetic clutch has a high failure rate (e.g., Volkswagen 1.4TSI), making maintenance difficult.
